Nevertheless, it is characterized by the same high sensitivity and precision in determining the neutron flux over the entire energy range. It reduces at minimum any reproducibility uncertainty and, when employed with the on-line unfolding tool, it can perform real time measurements.

The SP2 core is constituted by 31 active 6LiF-covered Silicon neutron detectors installed over six concentric layers in the moderating assembly, so that they reproduce the spectrometric performance of a six-sphere Bonner sphere spectrometer. The signals are acquired by the built-in electronics and can either be analysed on-line or transmitted for the analysis to an external device for off-line unfolding.

SP2 can be used in a great number of activities related to scientific research, homeland security, cargo inspections, calibration laboratories, characterization of stray radiation fields for radiation protection purposes, periodical quality check of the neutron stray radiation field, and all applications involving the need of a fast and precise measurement of the neutron spectrum.

The SP2 is provided with its neutron response function, as a function of energy, calculated over the entire energy range. This has been validated via measurements performed with monochromatic neutron fields at different energies.

SP2 is the ideal device for performing active neutron spectrum measurements in every radiation environment, including mixed stray radiation fields, workplaces characterized by high gamma background and reference calibration laboratories.

The main application of GSU is to analyse the spectrum of the gamma emissions of radioisotopes contained in small samples, either coming from foundry casting process checks, air particulate filters, metal by-products, geological samples, food, and other materials. Analysis of liquid samples contained in Marinelli beakers is also possible. The system includes a standard sample holder designed for foundry casting samples.

The user can define specific regions of interested (ROIs) through the ELSE NUCLEAR software (installed on the provided PC), and thus determine the sample specific partial and total activities (Bq/g). Isotope identification analysis can be provided optionally.

The GSU DYMO version is designed to perform gamma spectra acquisition in a dynamic configuration, which means that either the detector or the object to be monitored is moving. This requires a considerably fast and accurate data acquisition, and a high efficiency. The proprietary software allows to perform this analysis, through the possibility to set the frequency of the spectra acquisition (1 s typical). A moving average algorithm is applied to the acquired spectra to better identify sudden spectrum variations above the background. GSU DYMO is the perfect solution for applications that require a simple, reliable and versatile instrument to perform gamma spectrometric analysis, such as:

aerial monitoring of a territory portion performed with helicopters or drones
area monitoring performed with vehicles (either ground or water)
monitoring of materials carried by conveyor belts

Upon request, the moderators can be designed to host a different type of thermal neutron detector.

Through the comparison between the counts detected by each sphere, it is possible to determine the incident neutron energies. These data must be processed by an unfolding code to calculate the neutron spectrum.

An accessory set is available upon request to extend the energy range up to 10 GeV.

The proportional counter is connected to a compact electronic module, housed in 2.5 cm diameter aluminum cylinder with a length of 7.6 cm, having the following main characteristics:

• Precision wide band charge sensitive pre-amplifier followed by an amplifier
• Twelve-turn trim pot to finely tune the amplifier sensitivity to the desired level to obtain a good high voltage plateau

• Discriminator circuit that produces, when a charged event is detected, a TTL pulse (width adjustable from 40 to 500 ns)
• Threshold control trim pot allowing to control the discriminator level
• Analog monitoring test point allowing direct monitoring of amplified charged events using an oscilloscope
• High performance high voltage generator, adjustable over a range of 0-2200 V
• Test point to measure and adjust the high voltage setting

The central acquisition box is based on 8-CH TTL hi speed DIO modules, a real-time processor and a reconfigurable field-programmable gate array. The central box is connected to a PC through an Ethernet cable, and is programmed to continuously acquire the counts coming from the detectors, also when the acquisition PC is off.

A user-friendly dedicated acquisition software is installed on the PC; it allows to start and stop the measurements, to modify the parameters and to visualize the saved data.

It has been tested to work properly in magnetic fields up to 3 T. For comparison, conventional devices fail to operate at intensities as low as 0.1 T.

Light and compact, B-RAD is ideal for radiation surveys and for local measurements of contamination or residual radioactivity in hot spots. It also includes a Hall probe connected to an indicator for a rough measurement of the magnetic field in which it is operating

B-RAD employs a high sensitivity LaBr3(Ce3+) crystal directly coupled to a Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) matrix.

The excellent scintillation properties and the high photon resolution of the scintillator (3.3% FWHM at 662 keV) make the device capable of operating over a wide energy range with a very fast response, i.e. reducing at minimum dead time-related issues.

This technology has been originally developed at CERN, and has become the standard for radiation surveys in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. It is commercialized under an official license granted by CERN, with the “CERN Technology” label.